BLamD |
Basal laminar deposit |
Diffusely distributed extracellular deposits of basement membrane proteins between the RPE and its basal lamina |
[Sarks, 1976] [Sarks, 1988] [Marshall, 1999] |
Basal lamina |
BLinD |
Basal linear deposit |
Diffuse extracellular deposits of lipid-rich drusen-like material, between the RPE basement membrane and the inner collagenous layer of BrM |
[Sarks, 1988] [Curcio, 1999] [Curcio, 2009] |
Sub-RPE space |
Blood |
Blood |
Hemorrhage secondary to neovascularization |
[Grossniklaus, 2006] |
Sub-retinal space, Sub-RPE space |
Bmound |
Basal mound |
Focal extracellular deposits of drusen-like material (lipoprotein-derived debris), clumped within BLamD |
[Sarks, 1988] [Sarks, 2007] |
BlamD |
Break |
Break |
Gap in BrM, due to neovascularization |
[Sarks, 1997] |
BrM inner, BrM outer |
Calcification |
Calcification |
Fine deposition of particulate calcium phosphate on individual EL fibrils in BrM earliest forms, advanced forms can fill ICL and OCL |
[Verhoeff, 1926] [Hogan, 1971] [Davis, 1981] [Spraul, 1997] |
BrM inner, BrM outer |
Cells |
Cells |
In OPL Henle, Sub-Retinal Space, Sub-RPE Space: non RPE (lacking melanosomes and lipofuscin) In ChC: Presumed macrophages clearing choriocapillaries under BrM arches |
[Gupta, 2003] [Xu, 2008] [Killingsworth, 1990] |
OPL Henle, Sub-retinal space, Sub-RPE Space, ChC |
Cells pigmented |
Cells pigmented |
Subducted RPE with spindle-shaped melanosomes and lipofuscin |
[Curcio, 1998] |
Sub-RPE space |
Cells-Chor |
Cells of choroidal origin |
Hedgehog-shaped or flattened individual cells, with or without pigment granules and lipid droplets; now considered subducted RPE |
[Curcio, 1998] |
Sub-RPE space |
Cells-Ret |
Cellular processes of retinal origin |
Processes from retina, presumably Müller cells or microglia diving under deposits, often continuous with Henle fibers |
[Kuntz, 1996] [Gupta, 2003] |
Sub-RPE space |
Convolutions |
Convolutions |
Coiled tips of photoreceptor outer segments |
[Marshall, 1979] |
OS |
CorpAmyl |
Corpora amylacea |
Corpora amylacea |
[Loeffler, 1993] |
NFL |
Cys |
Cystic space |
Cystic space with or without cellular lining |
[Cohen, 2010] |
NFL, GCL, IPL, INL, OPL Henle, ONL rods, ONL cones |
Detached |
Detached |
Photoreceptors mechanically separated from RPE; RPE mechanically separated from BrM; separation is presumed artifactual |
|
Sub-retinal space, Sub-RPE space |
Druse |
Druse |
Focal extracellular deposits of heterogeneous debris, dominated by neutral lipids, between the RPE basement membrane and the inner collagenous layer of BrM |
[Bressler, 2006] |
Sub-RPE space |
Early |
Early form of BLamD |
Fine palisades of extracellular material resembling basal membranes, between the RPE and its basement membrane; type VI collagen component also visible in OCL of BrM; can have tracks or aggregations of drusenoid-material (basal mounds); bright blue in toluidine blue stain; abundance associated with AMD progression |
[Sarks, 1976] [Curcio, 1999] |
BlamD |
EctopicPRN |
Ectopic photoreceptor nucleus |
OPL Henle: Inwardly displaced rod nuclei. IS myoid: outwardly displaced cone nuclei |
[Gartner, 1981] |
OPL Henle, IS myoid |
Entub-nonRPE |
Entubulated non-RPE |
non-RPE-derived cells in a tubulation lumen |
|
OPL Henle |
Entub-RPE |
Entubulated RPE |
RPE-derived cells in a tubulation lumen |
|
OPL Henle |
ERM |
Epi-retinal membrane |
Fibrocellular, non-vascular tissue on the internal surface of the neurosensory retina |
[Yanoff, 2002] |
Assigned to NFL for convenience due to its sporadic nature |
Fibrin |
Fibrinous exudate |
Exudate that is cloudy and thin, with strands of fibrin |
[Lafaut, 2000] |
Sub-retinal space, Sub-RPE space |
Fluid |
Fluid |
Fluid from permeable vessels |
|
Sub-retinal space, Sub-RPE space |
Focalloss |
Focal loss |
Areas of ONL with markedly fewer nuclei, often associated with drusen or atrophic RPE |
|
ONL rods, ONL cones |
Folds |
Choroidal folds |
Contractions of choroidal surface due to scar formation |
[Keane, 2012] [Menard, 1992] [Brown, 2009] |
Choroid |
Gaps/Missing |
Gaps due to missing cells |
Areas of bacillary layer (IS, OS) with gaps in array of photoreceptors |
[Curcio, 1996] [Johnson, 2003] |
IS myoid, IS ellipsoid, OS |
Ghost |
Choriocapillary ghost |
Ghost capillaries lack viable endothelium and have a remaining arch of overlying BrM; distinguishable from peripapillary region where capillaries are missing without the arch |
[Mullins, 2011] [McLeod, 1994] |
Chc |
Infiltrate |
Cellular infiltrate |
Extravasated leukocytes |
[Green, 1977] [Penfold, 2001] |
Choroid |
Late |
Late form BLamD |
Amorphous dense BLamD, closer to RPE than early BlamD, scalloped with concavity outwards, as though laid down in waves |
[Sarks, 1988] [Sarks, 2007] |
BlamD |
LipGlob |
Lipid globules |
Extravascular osmophilic inclusions, 60 µm diameter on average; well-circumscribed, multilobular, dispersing, and disintegrating |
[Friedman, 1966] |
Choroid |
LipidPools |
Lipid pools |
Esterified cholesterol-rich lakes, 4-6 µm, irregular polygons within BLinD and soft drusen |
[Li, 2007] |
Sub-RPE space |
M/Lgran |
Melanin/lipofuscin granules |
Isolated dark rod-shaped melanin, green-bronze irregular shaped lipofuscin granules, identical to those found within RPE |
[Feeney, 1978] |
OPL Henle, ONL rods, ONL cones, Sub-RPE space |
Melanotic Cells |
Melanotic Cells |
Cells with large black spherical melanosomes, individually or in multiple layers, in eyes with neovascular scars. |
|
Sub-Retinal space, Sub-RPE space |
Missing |
Missing |
Not visible, in eyes were some OS are visible |
|
OS |
Neovasc |
Neovascularization |
Fibrovascular tissue, with or without patent lumens of choriocapillaries |
[Grossniklaus, 2005] [Grossniklaus, 2006] |
Sub-retinal space, Sub-RPE space |
Normal |
Normal |
Referring to photoreceptors: no local diminution or distortion in ISmy, ISel, or OS, relative to remainder of section |
[Curcio, 1996] [Johnson, 2003] |
IS myoid, IS ellipsoid, OS |
Occlusion |
Occluded vessel |
Approximation of internal lumen, with internal structure of vessel walls still apparent, in a configuration not explainable by glancing sections through the vessel wall |
|
Choroid |
Oildrop |
Oil droplets |
Homogenous, round, moderately stained with toluidine blue |
|
Sub-retinal space |
Particulate |
Particulate matter |
Unknown composition, among Henle fibers |
|
OPL Henle |
Peripap |
Peripapillary type |
Basal laminar deposit in the peripapillary region lacks lipoprotein-derived debris |
[Curcio, 2000] |
BlamD |
Persistent |
Persistent |
A layer of basal laminar deposit, often wavy and moth-eaten, that persists adjacent to or detached from Bruch’s membrane in the absence of RPE (RPE4) or in the presence of disintegrated RPE (RPE7) in eyes with advanced AMD. |
[Sarks, 1988] [Ooto, 2014] |
BlamD |
Pre-BlinD |
Pre basal linear deposit |
Layer of 80 nm-diameter lipoprotein particles, 3-4 deep |
[Ruberti, 2002] [Curcio, 2001] |
Sub-RPE space |
Pyknucl |
Pyknotic nuclei |
Condensation of nuclear material into a solid, darkly staining mass in a dying cell thickness, especially shrinking of cells through degeneration |
[Cheville, 2009] |
ONL rods, ONL cones |
Reflection |
Reflection |
Reflection of OPL Henle onto RPE or BrM, at atrophy edge |
[Fleckenstein, 2008] [Mones, 2012] |
ONL rods, ONL cones |
RPE0 |
 RPE Uniform |
Epithelioid; Uniform morphology, pigmentation |
[Guidry, 2002] [Vogt, 2011] |
RPE |
RPE1 |
 RPE Non-Uniform |
Epithelioid; Slightly non-uniform morphology, pigmentation |
[Guidry, 2002] [Vogt, 2011] |
RPE |
RPE2 |
 RPE Very Non-Uniform |
Epithelioid; Very non-uniform morphology, pigmentation; still a monolayer |
[Curcio, 2013] |
RPE |
RPE2A |
 RPE Sloughing |
Epithelioid RPE with migration into sub-retinal space (heaped, sloughed into sub-retinal space) |
[Vogt, 2011] |
RPE |
RPE2B |
 RPE Shedding |
Epithelioid RPE with basal migration of RPE cells or RPE fragments into basal deposits |
[Vogt, 2011] |
RPE |
RPE2L |
 RPE Bilaminar |
Two layers of epithelioid RPE |
[Vogt, 2011] |
RPE |
RPE2V |
RPE Vacuolated |
Epithelioid RPE with a single large vacuole, sometimes with contents, delimited apically by extremely effaced cytoplasm |
|
RPE |
RPE3 |
 RPE Intraretinal |
Epithelioid RPE with anterior migration of RPE cells or fragments through external limiting membrane |
[Guidry, 2002] [Vogt, 2011] |
RPE |
RPE4 |
 RPE Atrophy with BLamD |
Atrophy: Loss of pigmented cells with persisting basal laminar deposits |
[Guidry, 2002] [Vogt, 2011] |
RPE |
RPE5 |
 RPE Atrophy without BLamD |
Atrophy: Loss of both pigmented cells and basal laminar deposit |
[Vogt, 2011] |
RPE |
RPE6 |
 RPE Entombed |
Non-epithelioid; Entombed by neovascular membranes and scars; Intermingled with other cells and fluid, in the same layer |
|
RPE |
RPE7 |
 RPE Disintegrated |
Non-epithelioid, disintegrated layer; individual cells with or without nuclei in atrophic area, not necessarily adherent to persistent BLamD |
|
RPE |
RPEfrag |
RPE fragment |
Cellular fragment recognizable as RPE due to melanin and/or lipofuscin, with or without visible nucleus; OPL Henle includes entubulated RPE |
[Guidry, 2002] [Vogt, 2011] |
OPL Henle, ONL rods, ONL cones, IS myoid |
Scar |
Fibrovascular scar |
Dense collagenous scar with patent capillary lumens |
[Green, 1993] |
Sub-retinal space, Sub-RPE space |
Scar disc |
Scar disciform |
Thick fibrocellular scar, circular or oval in cross-section |
[Green, 1993] |
Sub-retinal space, Sub-RPE space |
Scar fibrocell |
Scar fibrocellular |
Connective tissue with flat cells, likely fibroblasts, without blood vessels |
[Green, 1993] |
Sub-retinal space, Sub-RPE space |
Scar fibrovasc |
Scar fibrovascular |
Connective tissue with a small component of blood vessels, mostly capillaries |
[Green, 1993] |
Sub-retinal space, Sub-RPE space |
Scar hyaline |
Scar hyaline |
Connective tissues with minimal internal structure and vessels, distinguished by excess collagen deposition; resemble hyalinized vessels in choroid |
[Green, 1993] |
Sub-retinal space, Sub-RPE space |
SDD |
Subretinal drusenoid deposit |
Focal deposits of organized, extracellular material containing cholesterol and proteins common to drusen |
[Sarks, 1988] [Rudolf, 2008] [Zweifel, 2010] [Curcio, 2013] |
Sub-retinal space |
Short |
Short |
Referring to photoreceptors: reduced in total cross-sectional area in an area, relative to other OS on the same sections |
[Curcio, 1996] [Vogt, 2011] |
OS |
Short/Broad |
Short, broad |
Referring to photoreceptor IS: shorter, broader than unaffected IS elsewhere, ISel shortens less than myoid |
[Curcio, 1996] |
IS myoid, IS ellipsoid, OS |
swollenPK |
Swollen perikarya |
Enlarged pale photoreceptor perikarya, not attributable to artifactual edema |
|
ONL rods, ONL cones |
Thinned |
Depopulated |
Depopulation of ONL nuclei, in any manner including migration |
|
ONL rods, ONL cones |
Tubul closed |
Outer retinal tubulation, closed |
See tubulation; a circular or ovoid cross-section completely lined by ELM and photoreceptors pointing into the lumen. |
|
OPL Henle, ONL rods, ONL cones, Sub-retinal space |
Tubul open |
Outer retinal tubulation, open |
See tubulation; a semi-circular cross-section lined by ELM and photoreceptors on inner aspect only. Distinguished from a surviving island by reflections of the ELM. |
|
OPL Henle, ONL rods, ONL cones, Sub-retinal space |
Tubulation |
Outer retinal tubulation |
Connecting tubes of surviving photoreceptors and Müller cells in advanced AMD eyes; phases defined by inner and outer segment persistence |
[Curcio, 1996] [Zweifel, 2009] |
OPL Henle, ONL rods, ONL cones, Sub-retinal space |